分布式光伏發(fā)電作為一種就近利用太陽能資源的清潔能源解決方案，其核心理念在于“自發(fā)自用、余電上網(wǎng)”，即優(yōu)先滿足用戶自身用電需求，多余電量則并入公共電網(wǎng)，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)能源的高效利用與資源優(yōu)化配置。

Distributed photovoltaic power generation, as a clean energy solution that utilizes solar energy resources nearby, is based on the core concept of "spontaneous self use and surplus electricity grid connection", which prioritizes meeting users' own electricity needs and integrates surplus electricity into the public grid, thereby achieving efficient energy utilization and optimized resource allocation.

在應(yīng)用場景方面，分布式光伏發(fā)電展現(xiàn)出極強(qiáng)的靈活性與適配性，尤其適用于用電需求集中且具備閑置空間資源的區(qū)域。

In terms of application scenarios, distributed photovoltaic power generation exhibits strong flexibility and adaptability, especially suitable for areas with concentrated electricity demand and idle space resources.

在工商業(yè)領(lǐng)域，工廠、商場等大型建筑的屋頂空間可通過安裝光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)直接為生產(chǎn)或運(yùn)營供電，這種模式不僅能夠顯著降低企業(yè)用電成本，還能有效緩解高峰時(shí)段的電網(wǎng)負(fù)荷壓力，尤其對(duì)于高耗能企業(yè)而言，分布式光伏發(fā)電已成為其實(shí)現(xiàn)能源結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)型與降本增效的重要途徑。

In the field of industry and commerce, the roof space of large buildings such as factories and shopping malls can be directly powered by installing photovoltaic power generation systems for production or operation. This model can not only significantly reduce the electricity cost of enterprises, but also effectively alleviate the load pressure on the power grid during peak hours. Especially for high energy consuming enterprises, distributed photovoltaic power generation has become an important way to achieve energy structure transformation and cost reduction and efficiency improvement.

在農(nóng)業(yè)場景中，通過將光伏板架設(shè)在農(nóng)田、大棚或魚塘上方，既可實(shí)現(xiàn)土地資源的復(fù)合利用，又能為農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)提供穩(wěn)定的清潔電力支持，形成“農(nóng)光互補(bǔ)”“漁光互補(bǔ)”等創(chuàng)新模式，推動(dòng)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。

In agricultural scenarios, by installing photovoltaic panels above farmland, greenhouses, or fish ponds, it is possible to achieve the composite utilization of land resources and provide stable clean power support for agricultural production, forming innovative models such as "agricultural photovoltaic complementarity" and "fishery photovoltaic complementarity", and promoting the sustainable development of modern agriculture.

公共設(shè)施領(lǐng)域同樣具有巨大潛力，污水處理廠、垃圾處理站等市政設(shè)施可利用水池頂部或建筑屋頂鋪設(shè)光伏組件，在滿足自身高能耗需求的同時(shí)大幅減少碳排放，實(shí)現(xiàn)環(huán)境效益與經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的雙贏。

The field of public facilities also has great potential. Municipal facilities such as sewage treatment plants and garbage treatment stations can use photovoltaic modules on the top of water tanks or building roofs to meet their own high energy consumption needs while significantly reducing carbon emissions, achieving a win-win situation of environmental and economic benefits.

此外，城市交通樞紐、市政設(shè)施（如充電樁、路燈等）也可通過搭載小型光伏系統(tǒng)，為日常運(yùn)維提供綠色電力支持，進(jìn)一步提升城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的智能化與低碳化水平。值得注意的是，分布式光伏發(fā)電還能與生態(tài)修復(fù)工程緊密結(jié)合，例如在礦區(qū)復(fù)墾、鹽堿地治理等項(xiàng)目中，光伏系統(tǒng)的建設(shè)既可提供清潔能源，又能輔助改善生態(tài)環(huán)境，形成“光伏+生態(tài)”的綜合治理模式。對(duì)于新建或改造建筑而言，光伏組件還可集成于建筑外墻、幕墻等結(jié)構(gòu)中，成為兼具發(fā)電功能與美學(xué)價(jià)值的建筑一體化材料（BIPV），推動(dòng)綠色建筑的發(fā)展。

In addition, urban transportation hubs and municipal facilities (such as charging stations, street lights, etc.) can also provide green power support for daily operation and maintenance by installing small photovoltaic systems, further enhancing the intelligence and low-carbon level of urban infrastructure. It is worth noting that distributed photovoltaic power generation can also be closely integrated with ecological restoration projects. For example, in projects such as mining area reclamation and saline alkali land treatment, the construction of photovoltaic systems can provide clean energy and assist in improving the ecological environment, forming a comprehensive management model of "photovoltaic+ecology". For newly constructed or renovated buildings, photovoltaic modules can also be integrated into building exterior walls, curtain walls, and other structures, becoming a building integrated material (BIPV) that combines power generation and aesthetic value, promoting the development of green buildings.

分布式光伏發(fā)電的核心優(yōu)勢主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面：首先，其具有顯著的環(huán)保減碳效益，據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，1千瓦光伏系統(tǒng)年發(fā)電量約為1200度，相當(dāng)于減少燃煤400千克、降低二氧化碳排放1噸，對(duì)于實(shí)現(xiàn)“雙碳”目標(biāo)具有重要意義；其次，分布式光伏能夠有效緩解電網(wǎng)壓力，通過就近發(fā)電、就近消納的方式減少長途輸電損耗，提升區(qū)域電網(wǎng)的穩(wěn)定性與可靠性；

The core advantages of distributed photovoltaic power generation are mainly reflected in the following aspects: firstly, it has significant environmental and carbon reduction benefits. According to statistics, the annual power generation of a 1 kW photovoltaic system is about 1200 kWh, which is equivalent to reducing coal consumption by 400 kg and reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 1 ton. This is of great significance for achieving the "dual carbon" goal; Secondly, distributed photovoltaics can effectively alleviate the pressure on the power grid, reduce long-distance transmission losses through nearby power generation and consumption, and enhance the stability and reliability of regional power grids;

最后，其經(jīng)濟(jì)性優(yōu)勢尤為突出，在工商業(yè)領(lǐng)域，光伏發(fā)電的高峰時(shí)段與用電高峰高度重合，企業(yè)可通過自發(fā)自用大幅降低電費(fèi)支出，例如中國能建中南院投資建設(shè)的北湖污水廠分布式光伏發(fā)電站，成功將污水處理廠的閑置空間轉(zhuǎn)化為能源生產(chǎn)基地，年發(fā)電量達(dá)2200萬度，年節(jié)省電費(fèi)超千萬元，成為“水務(wù)+光伏”復(fù)合型基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施升級(jí)的典范。

Finally, its economic advantages are particularly prominent. In the industrial and commercial fields, the peak period of photovoltaic power generation coincides with the peak period of electricity consumption. Enterprises can significantly reduce their electricity bills through self use. For example, the distributed photovoltaic power station of Beihu Sewage Treatment Plant invested and constructed by China Energy Engineering Central South Institute has successfully transformed the idle space of the sewage treatment plant into an energy production base, with an annual power generation of 22 million kWh and an annual savings of over 10 million yuan in electricity bills. It has become a model for upgrading the "water+photovoltaic" composite infrastructure.

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