光伏車(chē)棚作為兼具發(fā)電功能與車(chē)輛停放功能的設(shè)施，其性能與使用壽命很大程度上取決于所選用的材料。從核心的發(fā)電組件到支撐結(jié)構(gòu)、輔助材料，每一種材料都發(fā)揮著不可或缺的作用，下面為你詳細(xì)介紹。?

As a facility that combines power generation and vehicle parking functions, the performance and service life of photovoltaic carports largely depend on the materials selected. From the core power generation components to the supporting structures and auxiliary materials, each material plays an indispensable role. Below is a detailed introduction for you. ?

一、核心發(fā)電材料：光伏組件?

1、 Core power generation material: Photovoltaic modules

光伏組件是光伏車(chē)棚實(shí)現(xiàn)太陽(yáng)能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能的關(guān)鍵部件，常見(jiàn)的有晶硅類組件和薄膜類組件。?

Photovoltaic modules are key components for photovoltaic carports to convert solar energy into electrical energy, commonly including crystalline silicon modules and thin-film modules. ?

晶硅類組件：包括單晶硅組件和多晶硅組件。單晶硅組件采用單晶硅片制作，其硅純度高，轉(zhuǎn)換效率在 18%-24% 左右，發(fā)電性能穩(wěn)定，外觀顏色統(tǒng)一，呈深藍(lán)色，具有較高的美觀度。不過(guò)，單晶硅組件的成本相對(duì)較高。多晶硅組件由多晶硅片構(gòu)成，其轉(zhuǎn)換效率略低于單晶硅組件，一般在 15%-20% ，但價(jià)格更親民，性價(jià)比高。在光照條件良好的地區(qū)，多晶硅組件也能實(shí)現(xiàn)高效發(fā)電。?

Crystalline silicon components: including monocrystalline silicon components and polycrystalline silicon components. Monocrystalline silicon modules are made of monocrystalline silicon wafers, which have high silicon purity, conversion efficiency of around 18% -24%, stable power generation performance, uniform appearance color, dark blue, and high aesthetic appeal. However, the cost of monocrystalline silicon components is relatively high. Polycrystalline silicon modules are composed of polycrystalline silicon wafers, and their conversion efficiency is slightly lower than that of monocrystalline silicon modules, generally around 15% -20%, but they are more affordable and cost-effective. In areas with good lighting conditions, polycrystalline silicon components can also achieve efficient power generation. ?

薄膜類組件：常見(jiàn)的有碲化鎘（CdTe）薄膜組件和銅銦鎵硒（CIGS）薄膜組件。薄膜組件具有輕薄、柔性好的特點(diǎn)，可制成不同形狀，適用于曲面或異形的光伏車(chē)棚設(shè)計(jì)。碲化鎘薄膜組件成本較低，大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)時(shí)優(yōu)勢(shì)明顯，且弱光性能好，在清晨、傍晚等光照較弱的時(shí)段也能發(fā)電；銅銦鎵硒薄膜組件轉(zhuǎn)換效率較高，最高可達(dá) 20% 以上，且穩(wěn)定性強(qiáng)，但制備工藝復(fù)雜，成本相對(duì)較高。?

Thin film components: Common ones include cadmium telluride (CdTe) thin film components and copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) thin film components. Thin film modules have the characteristics of being lightweight and flexible, and can be made into different shapes, suitable for designing curved or irregular photovoltaic carports. Cadmium telluride thin film modules have lower costs, significant advantages in large-scale production, and good low light performance. They can also generate electricity during periods of weak light such as early morning and evening; Copper indium gallium selenide thin film components have high conversion efficiency, up to 20% or more, and strong stability, but the preparation process is complex and the cost is relatively high. ?

二、支撐結(jié)構(gòu)材料?

2、 Supporting structural materials

支撐結(jié)構(gòu)是光伏車(chē)棚的骨架，承擔(dān)著固定光伏組件和抵御外界荷載的作用，常用的材料有鋼材和鋁合金。?

The supporting structure is the skeleton of the photovoltaic carport, which bears the role of fixing photovoltaic modules and resisting external loads. Commonly used materials include steel and aluminum alloy. ?

鋼材：熱鍍鋅鋼材是光伏車(chē)棚中應(yīng)用廣泛的材料之一。熱鍍鋅工藝在鋼材表面形成一層致密的鋅層，能有效防止鋼材生銹，增強(qiáng)其耐腐蝕性，延長(zhǎng)使用壽命。鋼材的強(qiáng)度高、承載能力強(qiáng)，可根據(jù)車(chē)棚的設(shè)計(jì)需求，加工成各種形狀和規(guī)格的鋼梁、鋼柱。例如，在大型商業(yè)停車(chē)場(chǎng)的光伏車(chē)棚中，使用大規(guī)格的 H 型鋼作為立柱和主梁，能承受較大的風(fēng)荷載和雪荷載。但鋼材重量較大，安裝時(shí)需要專業(yè)的吊裝設(shè)備，且后期維護(hù)中若鋅層受損，需及時(shí)進(jìn)行防腐處理。?

Steel: Hot dip galvanized steel is one of the widely used materials in photovoltaic carports. The hot-dip galvanizing process forms a dense layer of zinc on the surface of steel, which can effectively prevent rusting, enhance its corrosion resistance, and extend its service life. Steel has high strength and strong bearing capacity, and can be processed into various shapes and specifications of steel beams and columns according to the design requirements of the carport. For example, in the photovoltaic carport of a large commercial parking lot, large-sized H-beams are used as columns and main beams, which can withstand large wind and snow loads. But the weight of the steel is relatively large, and professional lifting equipment is required for installation. If the zinc layer is damaged during later maintenance, anti-corrosion treatment should be carried out in a timely manner. ?

鋁合金：鋁合金材料具有重量輕、強(qiáng)度高、耐腐蝕的特點(diǎn)。其密度約為鋼材的三分之一，在保證結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度的同時(shí)，降低了車(chē)棚的整體重量，便于運(yùn)輸和安裝。鋁合金表面可通過(guò)陽(yáng)極氧化、電泳涂漆等工藝進(jìn)行處理，進(jìn)一步提高其耐腐蝕性和美觀度。鋁合金材料的加工性能好，能夠制作出造型多樣的車(chē)棚結(jié)構(gòu)，適用于對(duì)外觀要求較高的場(chǎng)所，如住宅小區(qū)、景區(qū)停車(chē)場(chǎng)等。不過(guò)，鋁合金的成本相對(duì)鋼材較高。?

Aluminum alloy: Aluminum alloy materials have the characteristics of light weight, high strength, and corrosion resistance. Its density is about one-third of that of steel, which reduces the overall weight of the carport while ensuring structural strength, making it easier to transport and install. The surface of aluminum alloy can be treated through processes such as anodizing and electrophoretic coating to further improve its corrosion resistance and aesthetics. Aluminum alloy materials have good processing performance and can be used to create various shapes of carport structures, suitable for places with high appearance requirements, such as residential communities, scenic parking lots, etc. However, the cost of aluminum alloy is relatively high compared to steel. ?

三、輔助材料?

3、 Auxiliary materials

除了核心發(fā)電組件和支撐結(jié)構(gòu)材料外，光伏車(chē)棚還需要多種輔助材料，以確保其正常運(yùn)行和安全性。?

In addition to the core power generation components and supporting structural materials, photovoltaic carports also require various auxiliary materials to ensure their normal operation and safety. ?

連接材料：包括螺栓、螺母、鉚釘?shù)?。高?qiáng)度螺栓用于連接鋼材部件，能夠提供可靠的連接強(qiáng)度，保證車(chē)棚結(jié)構(gòu)的穩(wěn)定性；鋁合金專用連接件則用于鋁合金結(jié)構(gòu)的連接，這些連接件通常采用與鋁合金材質(zhì)相近的材料制成，避免產(chǎn)生電化學(xué)腐蝕。此外，還有用于光伏組件之間電氣連接的電纜、接線端子等，這些電纜需具備良好的絕緣性能和耐候性，以保證電力傳輸?shù)陌踩头€(wěn)定。?

Connection materials: including bolts, nuts, rivets, etc. High strength bolts are used to connect steel components, providing reliable connection strength and ensuring the stability of the carport structure; Aluminum alloy special connectors are used for connecting aluminum alloy structures. These connectors are usually made of materials similar to aluminum alloy materials to avoid electrochemical corrosion. In addition, there are cables, wiring terminals, etc. used for electrical connections between photovoltaic modules, which need to have good insulation performance and weather resistance to ensure the safety and stability of power transmission. ?

防護(hù)材料：為了保護(hù)光伏組件和支撐結(jié)構(gòu)，會(huì)使用密封膠、防水膠條等防護(hù)材料。密封膠用于光伏組件的邊框密封，防止雨水、灰塵等進(jìn)入組件內(nèi)部，影響發(fā)電性能；防水膠條安裝在車(chē)棚的接縫處，起到防水、防塵的作用。同時(shí)，還會(huì)在支撐結(jié)構(gòu)表面涂刷防腐涂料，進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)其防腐蝕能力。?

Protective materials: In order to protect the photovoltaic modules and supporting structures, protective materials such as sealant and waterproof tape will be used. Sealing glue is used for the frame sealing of photovoltaic modules to prevent rainwater, dust, etc. from entering the interior of the modules and affecting their power generation performance; The waterproof rubber strip is installed at the joint of the carport to prevent water and dust. At the same time, anti-corrosion coating will be applied to the surface of the supporting structure to further enhance its anti-corrosion ability. ?

電氣設(shè)備材料：光伏車(chē)棚的電氣系統(tǒng)包括匯流箱、逆變器、變壓器等設(shè)備。匯流箱用于將多個(gè)光伏組件的電流匯集起來(lái)；逆變器則將光伏組件產(chǎn)生的直流電轉(zhuǎn)換為交流電，以便接入電網(wǎng)；變壓器用于調(diào)整電壓，滿足并網(wǎng)要求。這些電氣設(shè)備需選用質(zhì)量可靠、符合相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的產(chǎn)品，以確保發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行。

Electrical equipment materials: The electrical system of the photovoltaic carport includes equipment such as combiner boxes, inverters, transformers, etc. A combiner box is used to collect the current from multiple photovoltaic modules; Inverters convert the direct current generated by photovoltaic modules into alternating current for connection to the power grid; Transformers are used to adjust voltage and meet grid connection requirements. These electrical equipment need to use products with reliable quality and compliance with relevant standards to ensure the stable operation of the power generation system.

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